What to Read of Dfw After Infinite Jest

1996 novel by David Foster Wallace

Infinite Jest

Author	David Foster Wallace
Country	United States
Language	English
Genre	Hysterical realism metamodernism satire tragicomedy post-postmodernism encyclopedic novel
Publisher	Lilliputian, Dark-brown and Company
Publication date	February 1, 1996
Media type	Print (hardcover· paperback)
Pages	1,079
ISBN	978-0-316-92004-ix
Dewey Decimal	813/.54 twenty
LC Class	PS3573.A425635

Infinite Jest is a novel by American writer David Foster Wallace. The novel has an unconventional narrative structure and includes hundreds of all-encompassing endnotes, some with footnotes of their own.

Categorized every bit an encyclopedic novel,^[1] Infinite Jest is featured in TIME mag's list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005.^[2]

A literary fiction bestseller afterwards having sold 44,000 hardcover copies in its first year of publication,^[3] the novel has since sold more than than a million copies worldwide.^[four]

Development [edit]

Wallace began Infinite Jest, "or something like it", at various times between 1986 and 1989. His efforts in 1991–92 were more than productive.^[5]

From early on 1992 until the novel's publication, excerpts from various drafts appeared sporadically in magazines and literary journals including Harvard Review,^[six] Grand Street,^[seven] Conjunctions,^[viii] Review of Contemporary Fiction,^[9] Harper's Magazine,^[ten] The Iowa Review,^{[11] [12]} The New Yorker ^{[thirteen] [14]} and the Los Angeles Times Magazine.^[fifteen]

The book was edited by publisher Little, Brownish and Company'south Michael Pietsch, who has recalled cutting about 250 manuscript pages.^[16]

The novel gets its proper noun from Hamlet, Human activity V, Scene 1, in which Hamlet holds the skull of the court jester, Yorick, and says, "Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio: a young man of space jest, of almost excellent fancy: he hath borne me on his back a g times; and at present, how abhorred in my imagination it is!"^[17]

Wallace'due south working title for Space Jest was A Failed Amusement.^[18]

Setting [edit]

In the novel's future globe, the United States, Canada, and Mexico together compose a unified North American superstate known every bit the Arrangement of North American Nations, or O.N.A.North. (an innuendo to onanism).^[19]

Corporations are immune the opportunity to bid for and purchase naming rights for each calendar twelvemonth, replacing traditional numerical designations with ostensibly honorary monikers begetting corporate names. Although the narrative is fragmented and spans several "named" years, most of the story takes place during "The Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment" (Y.D.A.U.).

On the orders of US President Johnny Gentle (a "clean freak" who campaigned on the platform of cleaning upwards the US while ensuring that no American would exist acquired any discomfort in the process), much of what used to be the northeastern United states and southeastern Canada has become a behemothic chancy waste dump, an surface area "given" to Canada and known as the "Smashing Concavity" by Americans due to the resulting displacement of the border.

Subsidized Fourth dimension [edit]

In the novel's globe, each yr is subsidized past a specific corporate sponsor for revenue enhancement revenue. The years of Subsidized Fourth dimension are:

1. Year of the Whopper
2. Yr of the Tucks Medicated Pad
3. Year of the Trial-Size Dove Bar
4. Yr of the Perdue Wonderchicken
5. Year of the Whisper-Repose Maytag Dishmaster
6. Year of the Yushityu 2007 Mimetic-Resolution-Cartridge-View-Motherboard-Easy-To-Install-Upgrade for Infernatron/InterLace TP Systems for Home, Office or Mobile [sic]
7. Year of Dairy Products from the American Heartland
8. Year of the Depend Developed Undergarment (Y.D.A.U.)
9. Year of Glad

Critics take debated which year Y.D.A.U. corresponds to in the Gregorian agenda, with various theories supporting 2008, 2009 and 2011.^{[20] [21] [22]}

Locations [edit]

The novel's primary locations include the Enfield Lawn tennis Academy (E.T.A.) and the Ennet Firm Drug and Booze Recovery House [sic] in suburban Boston, Massachusetts, and an outcropping on a colina northwest of Tucson, Arizona.

Due east.T.A. is a series of buildings laid out as a cardioid atop a hill on Democracy Avenue. Ennet House lies directly downhill from East.T.A., facilitating many of the interactions between characters residing in the two locations.

The outcropping in Tucson is the setting for a lengthy conversation between two major characters, Remy Marathe and Hugh Steeply.

Multiple regions of the U.S. and Canada are referenced in the novel or serve as secondary locations.

A fictional version of the Massachusetts Institute of Engineering science educatee spousal relationship likewise figures in the novel. Information technology is described as structured like the man brain.

Plot [edit]

There are several major interwoven narratives, including:^[23]

• A fringe group of Québécois radicals, Les Assassins des Fauteuils Rollents (English language: The Wheelchair Assassins; A.F.R.), plans a violent geopolitical coup, and is opposed by loftier-level US operatives.
• Various residents of the Boston surface area reach "rock bottom" with their substance abuse problems, and enter a residential drug and alcohol recovery program where they progress in recovery through Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA).
• Students railroad train and written report at an elite tennis academy run by James and Avril Incandenza and Avril'due south adopted brother Charles Tavis.
• The history of the Incandenza family unfolds, focusing on the youngest son, Hal.

These narratives are continued via a pic, Infinite Jest, also called "the Amusement" or "the samizdat". The motion picture is so entertaining that its viewers lose all interest in anything other than repeatedly viewing it, and thus eventually die. It was James Incandenza'southward final piece of work. He completed information technology during a period of sobriety that was insisted upon by its lead actress, Joelle Van Dyne. The Québécois separatists seek a replicable principal copy of the piece of work to aid in acts of terrorism confronting the U.s.. The United States Office of Unspecified Services (O.U.S.) aims to intercept the principal re-create to foreclose mass dissemination and the destabilization of the Organization of North American Nations, or else to find or produce an anti-entertainment that can counter the picture's furnishings. Joelle seeks treatment for substance abuse problems at Ennet Business firm Drug and Alcohol Recovery Firm. A.F.R. member (and possible O.U.S. double agent) Marathe visits Ennet Business firm, aiming to notice Joelle and a lead to the master copy of "the Entertainment".

Major characters [edit]

The Incandenza family [edit]

• Hal Incandenza is the youngest of the Incandenza children and arguably the novel's protagonist, as its events circumduct around his time at E.T.A. Hal is prodigiously intelligent and talented, but insecure about his abilities (and eventually his mental land). His friend Michael Pemulis calls him Inc, and his favorite affair to do is secretly smoke marijuana in the seclusion of the E.T.A. tunnels. He has difficult relationships with both his parents. He has an eidetic memory and has memorized the Oxford English Lexicon, and like his mother oftentimes corrects his friends' and family's grammar. Hal's mental degradation and alienation from those around him culminate in his chronologically terminal appearance in the novel, in which his attempts at spoken language and facial expressions are incomprehensible to others. The origin of Hal'south final condition is unclear; possible causes include marijuana withdrawal, a drug obtained past Michael Pemulis, a patch of mold Hal ate as a child, and a mental breakup from years of training to be a top junior lawn tennis player.^[24]
• Avril Incandenza, née Mondragon, is the domineering female parent of the Incandenza children and wife of James. A alpine (197 cm, or 6 ft. 5.v in.), beautiful francophone Quebecer, she becomes a major effigy at Enfield Tennis University after her married man'due south suicide and begins, or maybe continues, a relationship with Charles Tavis, the school's new caput, also a Canadian and Avril'south either adoptive or one-half-blood brother. Her sexual relationships with men are a affair of some speculation/give-and-take; ane with John "No Relation" Wayne is depicted. Avril has phobias nearly uncleanliness and disease, closed doors, and overhead lighting, and is too described as agoraphobic. She has an obsessive-compulsive need to watch over Eastward.T.A. and her 2 youngest sons, Hal and Mario, who live at the schoolhouse; Avril and Orin are no longer in contact. James Incandenza believes that he can connect with his children simply through her. Orin believes she runs the family with ingrained manipulation and the illusion of choice. Her family nickname is "the Moms".
• James Orin Incandenza Jr., Avril'south husband and Orin's, Mario's and Hal's father, is an optics expert and filmmaker equally well as the founder of Enfield Tennis University (though he increasingly leaves Due east.T.A. concern to Charles Tavis). The son of small-time actor James O. Incandenza Sr. (who played "The Man from Glad" in the 1960s), James Jr. created Infinite Jest (also known every bit "the Amusement" or "the samizdat"), an enigmatic and fatally seductive film that was his concluding work. He used Joelle Van Dyne, his son Orin's strikingly beautiful girlfriend, in many of his films, including the fatal "Entertainment". He appears in the volume mainly either in flashbacks or as a "wraith", having committed suicide at the age of 54 past placing his head in a microwave oven. He is an alcoholic who drinks Wild Turkey whiskey. His family unit nickname is "Himself". Orin also calls him "the Mad Stork" or (once) "the Sad Stork".
• Mario Incandenza is the Incandenzas' 2d son, although his biological father may be Charles Tavis. Severely deformed since nascency—he is macrocephalic, homodontic, bradykinetic, and stands or walks at a 45-degree bending—as well as mentally "irksome", he is however perennially cheerful and kind. He is besides a budding auteur, having served as James's camera and directorial assistant and subsequently inheriting the biggy studio equipment and film lab his father congenital on the Academy grounds. Somewhat surprisingly, he is an avid fan of Madame Psychosis'southward dark radio testify, partly considering he finds her voice familiar. Hal, though younger, acts similar a supportive older brother to Mario, whom Hal calls "Booboo".
• Orin Incandenza is the Incandenzas' eldest son. He is a punter for the Phoenix Cardinals and a serial womanizer, and is estranged from everyone in his family except Hal. It is suggested that Orin lost his attraction to Joelle later she became plain-featured when her mother threw acid in her face during a Thanksgiving dinner, merely Orin cites Joelle'southward questionable relationship with his begetter equally the reason for the breakup fifty-fifty though he after admits he knows there was no romance. Orin focuses his subsequent womanizing on young mothers; Hal suggests that this is because he blames his father'south death on his mother. Molly Notkin, a friend of Joelle's, says that Orin has numerous "malcathected issues with his mother". Orin'southward human relationship with his father was tense. His father tells Joelle "he only didn't know how to speak with either of his undamaged sons without their mother'southward presence and mediation. Orin could not be fabricated to shut up."^[25]

The Enfield Tennis Academy [edit]

Students [edit]

• Michael Pemulis, a working-class teenager from an Allston, Massachusetts family, and Hal's best friend. A prankster and the school's resident drug dealer, Pemulis is also very proficient in mathematics. This, combined with his limited but ultraprecise lobbing, made him the school's first chief of Eschaton, a calculator-aided turn-based nuclear wargame that requires players to be adept at both game theory and lobbing tennis assurance at targets. Although the novel takes identify long after Pemulis'south Eschaton days (the game is played by 12- to 14-year-olds), Pemulis is still regarded as the game'south all-fourth dimension greatest actor, and he remains the final court of appeal for the game. His brother, Matty, is a gay hustler who as a child was sexually abused by their father.
• John "No Relation" Wayne, the top-ranked player at E.T.A. He is frighteningly efficient, controlled, and machine-similar on the court. Wayne is almost never straight quoted in the narrative; his statements are either summarized by the narrator or repeated by other characters. His Canadian citizenship has been revoked since he came to East.T.A. His begetter is a ill asbestos miner in Quebec who hopes John will soon start earning "serious $" in "the Prove" (professional tennis) to "take him away from all this". Pemulis discovers Wayne is having a sexual relationship with Avril Incandenza, and it is later revealed that Hal is also enlightened of the relationship. Wayne may exist sympathetic to, or actively supporting, the radical Quebec separatists.
• Ortho "The Darkness" Stice, another of Hal's shut friends. His name consists of the Greek root ortho ("directly") and the anglicized suffix -stice ("a space") from the noun interstice, which originally derived from the Latin verb sistere ("to stand up"). He endorses only brands that have blackness-colored products, and is at all times clothed entirely in black, hence his nickname. Late in the book Stice nearly defeats Hal in a iii-gear up tennis match, presently after which his forehead is frozen to a window and his bed appears either bolted or mysteriously levitated to the ceiling. In that location are indications that Stice is being visited by the ghost of James Incandenza.

Ennet House Drug and Alcohol Recovery House [edit]

• Don Gately, a former thief and Demerol addict, and current advisor in residence at Ennet House. One of the novel's primary characters, Gately is physically enormous and a reluctant simply dedicated Alcoholics Bearding fellow member. He is critically wounded in an altercation with several Canadian men, and much of the after part of the novel involves his inner monologue while he recuperates in a Boston hospital. Gately had a complicated childhood. His stepfather abused his mother. During his middle-schoolhouse and high-school years, Gately'south size made him a formidable football talent. During his catamenia as an addict and burglar, he accidentally kills M. DuPlessis, a leader of ane of the many separatist Québécois organizations featured in the novel. Gately is visited by the ghosts of James O. Incandenza and Lyle.
• Joelle Van Dyne, also known as "Madame Psychosis" (cf. metempsychosis), a phase proper name she received from James Incandenza when she starred in his films (and after her on-air proper name in her radio show "threescore+/−"). She became acquainted with James through her college relationship with Orin Incandenza, who referred to her as "The Prettiest Girl of All Time", or P.M.O.A.T. She appears in the lethally addictive Entertainment, reaching downward toward a wobbly "neonatal" lens as if it were in a bassinet and apologizing profusely, her face blurred beyond recognition. Extremely beautiful as a young woman, Joelle subsequently becomes a fellow member of the Matrimony of the Hideously and Improbably Deformed (U.H.I.D.), and wears a veil to hide her face up. Co-ordinate to Molly Notkin, Joelle's confront was disfigured past a beaker of acrid her mother threw, intending to striking Joelle's father, who had merely revealed he was in love with her (Joelle). Joelle says she wears the veil because her superlative attractiveness plagued her throughout her life, causing her to suffer social and romantic isolation until she met Orin. Joelle tries to "eliminate her own map" (that is, commit suicide) in Notkin'southward bath by massive ingestion of freebase cocaine, which lands her in Ennet House as a resident. Gately and Joelle develop a mutual attraction.

Les Assassins des Fauteuils Rollents [edit]

Les Assassins des Fauteuils Rollents (A.F.R.), the Wheelchair Assassins, are a Québécois separatist group. (The use of "rollents" where "roulants" would exist correct is in keeping with other erroneous French words and phrases in the novel.) They are ane of many such groups that developed after the United states coerced Canada and United mexican states into joining the Organisation of North American Nations (O.N.A.N.), but the A.F.R. is the most deadly and extremist. While other separatist groups are willing to settle for nationhood, the A.F.R. wants Canada to secede from O.Due north.A.Northward. and to reject America's forced gift of its polluted "Great Concavity" (or, Hal and Orin speculate, is pretending that those are its goals to put pressure on Canada to let Quebec secede). The A.F.R. seeks the master copy of Space Jest every bit a terrorist weapon to attain its goals. The A.F.R. has its roots in a babyhood game in which miners' sons would line up alongside a train rail and compete to be the last to spring across the path of an oncoming train, a game in which many were killed or rendered legless (hence the wheelchairs).

Only i miner'southward son always (disgracefully) failed to jump—Bernard Wayne, who may be related to E.T.A.'s John Wayne. Québécoise Avril'due south liaisons with John Wayne, and with A.F.R.'southward Guillaume DuPlessis and Luria Perec,^[26] propose that Avril may have ties to the A.F.R. every bit well. There is also prove linking E.T.A. prorector Thierry Poutrincourt to the grouping.

• Rémy Marathe is a member of the Wheelchair Assassins who secretly talks to Hugh/Helen Steeply. Marathe is a quadruple agent: the A.F.R. thinks that he is a triple agent, only pretending to beguile the A.F.R., while Marathe and Steeply know that he only pretends to pretend to betray them. He does this in club to secure medical support for his wife (who was born without a skull) from the Office of Unspecified Services. Late in the novel, Marathe is sent to infiltrate Ennet Business firm in the guise of a Swiss drug addict.

Other recurring characters [edit]

These characters cross betwixt the major narrative threads:

• Hugh Steeply, an amanuensis who assumes a female identity ("Helen") for an operative function, with whom Orin Incandenza becomes obsessed. Hugh works for the regime Function of Unspecified Services and has gone undercover to go data out of Orin about the Entertainment. He is the U.S.O.U.S.'due south contact with the A.F.R. mole Marathe.
• Lyle, E.T.A. weight room guru. He spends nearly of his time perched atop the towel dispenser in the lotus position. Lyle licks the sweat off the boys' bodies subsequently they work out and in turn gives them life advice. His behavior is described past the narrator equally unusual just "zero faggy". Lyle is close to Mario, whom he sometimes employs to speak to players who struggle with cocky-esteem.
• "Poor Tony" Krause, a cantankerous-dressing junkie and thief who steals a woman's outside center and kills her, and later robs Ennet House residents.
• Randy Lenz, a "small-scale fourth dimension organic-coke dealer who wears sportcoats rolled up over his parlor-tanned forearms and is always checking his pulse on the inside of his wrists". An Ennet House resident, he constantly asks the time but refuses to wear a watch and regularly violates the sobriety rule.
• Geoffrey Twenty-four hours, an Ennet House resident who struggles with the clichés of AA. He comes to Ennet House after putting his car through a sporting-goods store window. ^[27]
• Marlon Bain, a former E.T.A. student who was close to Orin. His obsessive-compulsive disorder has fabricated it nearly incommunicable for him to leave his apartment. Steeply contacts him for information about Orin and the Incandenzas.

Style [edit]

Infinite Jest is a postmodern encyclopedic novel, famous for its length, detail and digressions involving 388 endnotes, some of which themselves have footnotes.^[28] It has also been chosen metamodernist and hysterical realist. Wallace'south "encyclopedic display of knowledge"^[5] incorporates media theory, linguistics, film studies, sport, addiction, science, and issues of national identity. The book is frequently humorous withal explores melancholy securely.

Eschewing chronological plot evolution and straightforward resolution—a concern often mentioned in reviews—the novel supports a wide range of readings. At various times Wallace said that he intended for the novel's plot to resolve, simply indirectly; responding to his editor's concerns nearly the lack of resolution, he said "the answers all [exist], but just past the last page".^[5] Long after publication Wallace maintained this position, stating that the novel "does resolve, but it resolves ... outside of the right frame of the picture. You lot tin can get a pretty good thought, I think, of what happens".^[5] Critical reviews and a reader's guide have provided insight, merely Stephen Fire notes that Wallace privately conceded to Jonathan Franzen that "the story can't fully be made sense of".^[29]

In an interview with Charlie Rose, Wallace characterized the novel's heavy employ of endnotes as a method of disrupting the linearity of the text while maintaining some sense of narrative cohesion.^[30] In a separate interview on Michael Silverblatt'south radio prove Bookworm, Wallace said the plotting and notes had a fractal structure modeled after the Sierpiński gasket.^[31]

Themes [edit]

The novel touches on many topics, including habit (to drugs, but also to sex and fame), withdrawal, recovery, expiry, family relationships, absent-minded or dead parents, mental health, suicide, sadness, entertainment, picture show theory, media theory, linguistics, scientific discipline, Quebec separatism, national identity, and tennis as a metaphysical activity.^[32]

Literary connections [edit]

Infinite Jest draws explicitly or allusively on many previous works of literature.

As its championship implies, the novel is in part based on the play Hamlet. Enfield Lawn tennis Academy corresponds to Denmark, ruled by James (King Village) and Avril (Queen Gertrude). When James dies, he is replaced by Charles (Claudius), the uncle of Avril'due south gifted son Hal (Prince Hamlet). As in the play, the son's task is to fight incipient mental breakdown in order to redeem his father's reputation.^[33]

Some other link is to the Odyssey, wherein the son Telemachus (Hal) has to grow apart from his dominating female parent Penelope (Avril) and find the truth well-nigh his absent father Odysseus (James). (That pattern is also reproduced in the novel Ulysses, set in a realistic version of Dublin populated by a wide range of inhabitants, just every bit Infinite Jest is mostly in a realistic Boston with a varied population.^[22]) In ane scene, Hal, on the phone with Orin, says that clipping his toenails into a wastebasket "now seems like an exercise in telemachry." Orin then asks whether Hal meant telemetry. Christopher Bartlett has argued that Hal'south mistake is a straight reference to Telemachus, who for the offset four books of the Odyssey believes that his male parent is expressionless.^[34]

Links to The Brothers Karamazov have been analyzed by Timothy Jacobs, who sees Orin representing the nihilistic Dmitri, Hal standing for Ivan and Mario the uncomplicated and good Alyosha.^[35]

The film so entertaining that its viewers lose involvement in anything else has been likened to the Monty Python sketch "The Funniest Joke in the World", also equally to "the feel machine", a thought experiment past Robert Nozick.^[36]

Critical reception [edit]

Space Jest was marketed heavily, and Wallace had to adapt to being a public effigy. He was interviewed in national magazines and went on a 10-city volume bout. Publisher Little, Brown equated the book'southward heft with its importance in marketing and sent a series of cryptic teaser postcards to 4,000 people, announcing a novel of "space pleasure" and "infinite style".^[37] Rolling Rock sent reporter David Lipsky to follow Wallace on his "triumphant" volume tour—the beginning fourth dimension the magazine had sent a reporter to profile a young author in x years.^[38] The interview was never published in the magazine simply became Lipsky'due south New York Times-bestselling book Although of Course You Terminate Up Becoming Yourself (2010), of which the 2022 movie The End of the Tour is an adaptation.

Early reviews contributed to Infinite Jest's hype, many of them describing information technology as a momentous literary event.^[39] In the Review of Contemporary Fiction, Steven Moore chosen the volume "a profound study of the postmodern condition."^[forty] In 2004, Chad Harbach declared that, in hindsight, Infinite Jest "now looks like the central American novel of the by thirty years, a dumbo star for lesser piece of work to orbit."^[41] In a 2008 retrospective by The New York Times, it was described as "a masterpiece that'south also a monster—nearly 1,100 pages of mind-bravado inventiveness and disarming sweetness. Its size and complexity make it forbidding and esoteric."^[42]

Fourth dimension magazine included the novel in its list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005.^[43]

Equally Wallace's magnum opus, Space Jest is at the heart of the new discipline of "Wallace Studies", which, according to The Chronicle of Higher Educational activity, "... is on its way to becoming a robust scholarly enterprise."^[44]

Non all critics were as laudatory. Some early reviews, such equally Michiko Kakutani's in The New York Times, were mixed, recognizing the inventiveness of the writing but criticizing the length and plot. She called the novel "a vast, encyclopedic compendium of whatever seems to have crossed Wallace's mind."^[45] In the London Review of Books, Dale Peck wrote of the novel, "... it is, in a word, terrible. Other words I might utilize include bloated, slow, gratis, and—perhaps specially—uncontrolled."^[46] Harold Flower, Sterling Professor of Humanities at Yale University,^[47] chosen it "just atrocious" and written with "no discernible talent" (in the novel, Bloom'southward own work is called "turgid").^{[48] [49]} In a review of Wallace'south work upward to the twelvemonth 2000, A. O. Scott wrote of Infinite Jest, "[T]he novel's Pynchonesque elements...experience rather willed and secondhand. They are impressive in the manner of a precocious kid's performance at a dinner party, and, in the same way, ultimately irritating: they seem motivated, more often than not, by a desire to show off."^[l]

Some critics accept since qualified their initial stances. In 2008 A. O. Scott called Infinite Jest an "enormous, zeitgeist-gobbling novel that set his generation's benchmark for literary ambition" and Wallace "the best heed of his generation".^[51] James Wood has said that he regrets his negative review: "I wish I'd slowed downward a bit more with David Foster Wallace."^[52] Infinite Jest is one of the recommendations in Michiko Kakutani'due south book Ex Libris: 100 Books to Read and Reread.^[53]

Adaptations [edit]

Playwright Ken Campbell worked on an accommodation of Infinite Jest for the Millennium. His concept was to have 1,000 performers who each paid $23 to take part in the event, which would last a week. It did not come up to fruition. German theatrical company Hebbel am Ufer produced a 24-hour avant-garde open-air theatre accommodation in 2012.^[54]

In popular culture [edit]

• The Parks and Recreation episode "Partridge" contains various references to the novel. For case, Ann and Chris take the "Incandenza-Pemulis Parenting Compatibility Quiz", and Ann's fertility counselor, Dr. Van Dyne, works at the C.T. Tavis Medical Middle.^[55]
• The video for The Decemberists' "Calamity Song" recreates the novel's Eschaton affiliate.^[56]
• Charlie Kaufman'south debut novel Antkind has been compared by some critics to Space Jest, in both plotline and thematic elements.^[57]
• The John Constantine, Hellblazer issue 278 "Lady Lazarus" shows a console in John Constantine's flat where Infinite Jest is seen equally function of a book collection.^[58]

Translations [edit]

Space Jest has been translated:

• Blumenbach, Ulrich (2009). Unendlicher Spaß (in High german). Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch. ISBN978-three-462-04112-5.
  • In 2010, Ulrich Blumenbach received the Leipzig Book Fair Prize and the Kurd Laßwitz Award for the translation.^{[59] [60]}
• Nesi, Edoardo; Villoresi, Annalisa; Giua, Grazia (2000). Infinite Jest (in Italian). Roma: Fandango Libri. ISBN978-88-87517-10-1.
• Telles de Menezes, Salvato; Teles de Menezes, Vasco (2012). A Piada Infinita (in Portuguese). Quetzal. ISBN978-989-722-063-0.
• Covián, Marcelo; Calvo, Javier (2002). La broma infinita (in Castilian). Barcelona: Mondadori. ISBN978-84-397-0236-8.
• Galindo, Caetano Westward. (2014). Graça Infinita (in Brazilian Portuguese). Companhia das Letras. ISBN978-85-3592-504-iii.
• Kerline, Francis (2015). L'infinie comédie (in French). Éditions de 50'Olivier. ISBN978-28-7929-982-2.
• Kemény, Lili; Sipos, Balázs (2018). Végtelen tréfa (in Hungarian). Jelenkor Kiadó. ISBN978-9-636-76614-6.
• Polyarinov, Alexey; Karpov, Sergey (2018). Бесконечная Шутка (in Russian). AST. ISBN 978-5-17-096355-3.
• Valkonen, Tero (2020). Päättymätön riemu (in Finnish). Siltala / Sanavalinta. ISBN 978-952-234-653-vii.
  • In 2021, Valkonen was awarded the Mikael Agricola Prize.^[61]

Run across also [edit]

• Although of Course You Finish Up Becoming Yourself
• Space Summer
• The End of the Tour
• Hysterical realism
• Postmodern literature

References [edit]

1. ^ Burn, Stephen J. Abstract. "At the edges of perception": William Gaddis and the encyclopedic novel from Joyce to David Foster Wallace. 2001, doctoral thesis, Durham University.
2. ^ Grossman, Lev; Lacayo, Richard (October 16, 2005). "Time'southward Critics pick the 100 All-time Novels, 1923 to present". TIME.
3. ^ Holub, Christian. "Infinite Jest, xx years later".
4. ^ Winter, Infinite (Apr 6, 2016). "Michael Pietsch Interview".
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Burn down, Stephen J. "'Webs of nerves pulsing and firing': Space Jest and the science of heed". A Companion to David Foster Wallace Studies. 58–96
6. ^ Foster Wallace, David (Leap 1992). "How Don Gately Found God (Extract from Longer Work-in-Progress". Harvard Review. one (ane): 95–98. JSTOR i27559357.
7. ^ Foster Wallace, David (Apr 1, 1992). "Three Protrusions". Grand Street. one (42): 102–114. JSTOR i25007548.
8. ^ Foster Wallace, David (1993). "From "Quite a Bit Longer Thing in Progress"". Conjunctions. 1 (20): 223–275. JSTOR i24514389.
9. ^ Foster Wallace, David (Summer 1993). "From Space Jest". Review of Contemporary Fiction. 13 (2). ISBN9781564781239 . Retrieved Baronial 20, 2019.
10. ^ Foster Wallace, David (September 1993). "The Awakening of My Interest in Annular Systems" (PDF). Harper's Magazine. Vol. 287, no. 1720. pp. 60–73. Retrieved Baronial 20, 2019.
11. ^ Foster Wallace, David (1994). "It Was a Keen Curiosity That He Was in the Father without Knowing Him (II): Winter, 1962: Tucson AZ". The Iowa Review. 24 (2): 229–243. doi:ten.17077/0021-065X.4728 . Retrieved August xx, 2019.
12. ^ Foster Wallace, David (Fall 1994). "It Was a Corking Curiosity That He Was in the Father without Knowing Him (I): April: Year of the Tucks Medicated Pad". The Iowa Review. 24 (3): 114–119. doi:10.17077/0021-065X.4773 . Retrieved August 20, 2019.
13. ^ Foster Wallace, David (June xix, 1994). "Several Birds". The New Yorker . Retrieved August 20, 2019.
14. ^ Foster Wallace, David (Jan 30, 1995). "An Interval". The New Yorker . Retrieved August 20, 2019.
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Further reading [edit]

In-depth studies [edit]

• Bartlett, Christopher. "'An Practice in Telemachry': David Foster Wallace'south Space Jest and Intergenerational Conversation". Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 57.four (2006), 374–389.
• Burn, Stephen. David Foster Wallace's Space Jest: A Reader's Guide. New York, London: Continuum, 2003 (Continuum Contemporaries) ISBN 0-8264-1477-X
• Bresnan, Mark. "The Work of Play in David Foster Wallace'southward Space Jest". Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 50:ane (2008), 51–68.
• Carlisle, Greg. "Elegant Complexity: A Report of David Foster Wallace'southward 'Infinite Jest'". Hollywood: SSMG Press, 2007.
• Cioffi, Frank Louis. "An Anguish Becomes Thing: Narrative as Operation in David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest". Narrative 8.two (2000), 161–181.
• Goerlandt, Iannis. "'Put the Book Down and Slowly Walk Away': Irony and David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest". Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction47.3 (2006), 309–328.
• Hering, David. "Space Jest: Triangles, Cycles, Choices and Chases". Consider David Foster Wallace: Disquisitional Essays. Ed. David Hering. Austin/Los Angeles: SSMG, 2010.
• Holland, Mary G. "'The Art'southward Heart's Purpose': Braving the Narcissistic Loop of David Foster Wallace's Space Jest". Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 47.3 (2006), 218–242.
• J acobs, Timothy. "The Brothers Incandenza: Translating Ideology in Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov and David Foster Wallace'due south Infinite Jest." Texas Studies in Literature and Linguistic communication 49.3 (2007): 265–292.
• Jacobs, Timothy. "The Brothers Incandenza: Translating Ideology in Fyodor Dostoevsky'south The Brothers Karamazov and David Foster Wallace's Space Jest." Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol. 271. Ed. Jeffrey Hunter. New York: Gale, 2009. 313–327.
• Jacobs, Timothy. "American Touchstone: The Idea of Social club in Gerard Manley Hopkins and David Foster Wallace." Comparative Literature Studies 38.3 (2001): 215–231.
• Jacobs, Timothy. "David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest." The Explicator 58.3 (2000): 172–175.
• Jacobs, Timothy. "David Foster Wallace'south The Broom of the System." Ed. Alan Hedblad. Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction. Vol 15. New York: Thomson-Gale, 2001. 41–l.
• LeClair, Tom. "The Biggy Fiction of Richard Powers, William Vollmann, and David Foster Wallace". Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 38.one (1996), 12–37.
• Nichols, Catherine "Dialogizing Postmodern Carnival: David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest". Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 43.1 (2001), 3–16.
• Pennacchio, Filippo. "What Fun Life Was. Saggio su Infinite Jest di David Foster Wallace". Milano: Arcipelago Edizioni, 2009.

Interviews [edit]

• Lipsky, David, Although of Course You End Upwardly Becoming Yourself: A Road Trip with David Foster Wallace. New York: Broadway, 2010.
• Miller, Laura (1996), "David Foster Wallace", Salon (interview), vol. ix, archived from the original on October thirteen, 1999 .
• Goldfarb, Michael (June 25, 2004), David Foster Wallace (radio interview), The Connection, archived from the original on September xi, 2010 .
• NPR interview about Infinite Jest
• Wallace talking about his novel on Michael Silverblatt's "Bookworm" radio show

External links [edit]

• The Space Jest Wiki
• "Infinite Jest by David Foster Wallace" by Ted Gioia (The New Catechism)
• Infinite Atlas An interactive map of all the characters, places, and events in Space Jest
• Interactive visualization of Infinite Jest

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_Jest

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